Mechanical engineers research, develop, design, manufacture and test tools, engines, machines and other mechanical devices. They work on power-producing machines such as electric generators, internal combustion engines and steam and gas turbines.
They also develop power-using machines such as refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment, machine tools, material handling systems, elevators and escalators, industrial production equipment, and robots used in manufacturing.
Mechanical engineers also design tools that other engineers need for their work. The field of nanotechnology, which involves the creation of high-performance materials and components by integrating atoms and molecules, is introducing entirely new principles to the design process.
Computers assist mechanical engineers by accurately and efficiently performing computations, and by permitting the modeling and simulation of new designs as well as facilitating changes to existing designs. Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) are used for design data processing and for turning the design into a product.
Mechanical engineering is one of the broadest engineering disciplines. Mechanical engineers may work in production operations in manufacturing or agriculture, maintenance or technical sales; many are administrators or managers.
The Occupational Outlook Handbook projects that mechanical engineers will have an average rate of employment growth through 2014. Total employment in manufacturing industries—in which employment of mechanical engineers is concentrated—is expected to decline, but employment of mechanical engineers in manufacturing are expected to increase with the rising demand for improved machinery and machine tools and as industrial machinery and processes become increasingly complex.
Also, emerging technologies in biotechnology, materials science, and nanotechnology will create new job opportunities for mechanical engineers. New opportunities for mechanical engineers will arise because the skills acquired through earning a degree in mechanical engineering often can be applied in other engineering specialties.