1) Saxony
Saxony is a land of contrasts, a region whose scenery has been described as looking "like turbulent seas of earth." Its capital is Dresden, the "Florence on the Elbe." In Saxony, you can find classical music and lively bar scenes, river valleys and mountains, palaces and castles, manor houses and stately homes. It really almost has a little bit of everything.
2) Saxony-Anhalt
Saxony-Anhalt with its regional capital of Magdeburg extends from the Altmark region – known as the "cradle of Prussia – via the Magdeburg Börde and the industrial areas around Halle and Bitterfeld as far as the vineyards in the Saale and Unstrut region, the most northerly wine growing area in Germany. The heartland of German history, this region is an ideal destination for a break from the city and cultural trips.
3) Schleswig-Holstein
The region is defined by the North Sea and the Baltic, the federal state of Schleswig-Holstein is in the far north of Germany. Its capital is Kiel, whose lively streets, romantic courtyards, market squares and port have a timeless, Nordic feel. Schleswig-Holstein offers a wide range of water and land-based activities for all ages, from extreme sports fans to keen amateurs and the health-conscious. As a northern "children's paradise," this child-friendly region with attractive leisure facilities is ideal for families. Visitors can relax and feel at home in the many seaside resorts and hotels on both the North Sea and Baltic coasts. The bracing sea air, sun, sand and seawater lift the spirits as well as boosting the immune system. The open sea, coastline, maritime scenery, nature reserves and national parks are characteristic of Schleswig-Holstein's natural beauty.
4) Thuringia
Thuringia is known as the cradle of German Classicism. Here, the works of Luther, Bach, Schiller and Goethe are still very much alive. Thuringia, whose regional capital is Erfurt, is situated in the geographical center of Germany. Visitors can look forward to unwinding in the unspoiled countryside, exploring fascinating castles and palaces, finding rest and relaxation at a spa or wellness hotel, or discovering medieval towns with a varied cultural scene. The Thuringian Forest more than lives up to such expectations, as do Eisenach and Erfurt or any of the multitudes of health resorts in the region.
Sources
http://www.germany-tourism.de/ENG/destination_germany/master_tlbundesland.htm