Poker chips are made complicated graphics and edge spot patterns so that casino players cannot make counterfeit chips. The chips are typically made with a high pressure compression molding machine. But the process that goes into making the details on the chips is a trade secret and is expensive to do.
Poker chips are typically made with a ceramic material with a little clay added for texture and weight. True clay chips – which were very fragile – are no longer manufactured. The actual clay composition of modern chips is typically between one and ten percent.
The chips that are used in American casino generally weigh between nine-and-a-half and ten grams each. The chips you can buy for home use vary greatly in weight, depending on the manufacturer that made the chips and the materials they used.
Common designs for home use depict the six faces of a die or the suit symbols around the edge on the face of the chip. They are typically manufactured with injection molding technology using ABS plastic. Some chips are molded around a small metal disc, called a slug, for weight.
European chips often come in Mother of Pearl. The higher value chips are often shaped like plaques.