Probably more than you care to know! IQ tests are also called cognitive abilities tests. There are a number of different types of these tests; the earliest were developed by James Cattell and Sir Francis Galton. Two men named Theodore Simon and Alfred Binet developed the Binet-Simon scale one hundred years ago, and, eleven years later, a variation was developed by a Stanford psychologist named Lewis Terman, called the Stanford Binet test. Terman is the man who coined the term "intelligence quotient," and this test was one of the most popular for over half a century. A man named Henry Goddard came up with the commonly used names for people who attained certain scores on the test: moron (scores of 51-70), imbecile (scores of 26-50), and idiot (scores of 0-25).
The most popular test today is the WISC (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) test, developed primarily by David Wechsler. This test includes 15 subtests and 10 core subtests. The four areas scored are processing speed, verbal comprehension, working memory, and perceptual reasoning.
There is also an interesting phenomenon called the Flynn effect to be considered. This is the simple fact that IQ tests have steadily been rising, ever so slightly, over the years. This effect, named for its founder, is so odd that it is truly inexplicable.