Beginner's Guide to Costa Rica

Visiting the Rainforests of Costa Rica

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The rainforests in Costa Rica make up about 25% of the country’s landmass. Even though the country is the second smallest in Central America and slightly smaller than the state of West Virginia, Costa Rican rainforests make up 5% of the world’s biodiversity. It is no wonder that rainforests are one of the main attractions to this country.

There are many ways to see a rainforest – through hiking, canopy tours, or rafting tours. If you only have a few days to visit Costa Rica, choose one region to explore and delve into these fascinating areas.

If you are the slightest bit adventurous, a canopy tour is the best way to get up close and personal with the rainforests. After you ascend to the top of the trees (don’t worry, you are always strapped in with a harness), you maneuver your way from treetop platform to treetop platform via a zip line. Canopy tours are located all across the country in the various types of rainforests. The best known areas for canopy tours are the Monteverde region, along the Central Pacific Coast and the Arenal region. Monteverde is special because its rain forest is classified as a cloud forest due to its unique weather conditions.

If you prefer not to climb trees, another way to observe the beauty of the forests would be to take a jungle boat cruise. Instead of swinging with the monkeys, some of these tours put you eye level with crocodiles, lizards and parrots as you float along on a flat-bottom river boat.

Do you like the idea of floating a river but would rather find a river with some rapids? There are a lot of white water rafting opportunities in Costa Rica if this is the route for you. In fact, the Pacuare River has been internationally acclaimed for its great rafting conditions. If you choose to spend a few days in this area, there will be plenty for you to do. In close proximity to San Jose on the Caribbean side of the central mountain range, the Pacuare River is easy to access if you want to make your home base in San Jose. There are a variety of rafting classes and the average trip is a 16-mile float, but some trips can last 2 or 3 days if you prefer. Also in the area you will find rainforests filled with monkeys, butterflies, birds and mammals. Hiking is very popular, especially since there is a beautiful canyon to explore and guided tours to make the most of your trip.

The Beaches of Costa Rica

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For some people, a vacation is not a vacation unless a beach is involved. These people will fit right in on the coasts of Costa Rica. If you only will be spending a few nights in Costa Rica, choose an all-inclusive resort on the Pacific Coast. The highest density of luxury beach resorts is located in the Guanacaste region. Manuel Antonio National Park is also a great way to spend a few days. The park area has all kinds of activities from beach combing to surfing to meandering through the park filled with sloths, monkeys, birds and thousands of plant species. Manuel Antonio also has a nice selection of restaurants to choose from – probably the best selection offered by any one region in the country.

Sources:
1. www.jdwatersports.com
2. www.frommers.com
3. www.fodors.com

Demographic Overview

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The culture of the Costa Rican people is as beautiful, complex and intriguing as the country’s landscape. The commonplace phrase used universally by the Costa Ricans, “Pura Vida,” illustrates the overall attitude of the laid back and friendly people that inhabit this great country. Pura Vida translates literally to “Pure Life,” but is used as a colloquial salutation between Costa Ricans that roughly means, “This is living!” This is representative of the hospitable way Costa Ricans adore and respect each other’s company and lifestyles.

Costa Rica is comprised of over 4 million people who inhabit the diverse landscapes and regions of the country. Most of the people in Costa Rica are descendents of the Spanish settlers who landed in the area in the 16th century. There is also a significant number of Europeans from countries such as Germany, Poland and Italy that reside here. Together with the Spanish descendents, these groups make up 94% of the population. Black Jamaican immigrant workers who landed in the area in the 19th century as slaves still make up about 3% of the population, while another 1% is comprised of Asian ethnic groups. Unlike its neighboring countries, there is a very small population of indigenous people, or natives, who still live in Costa Rica. Nicaragua and Panama had quite sophisticated and complex Indian civilizations consisting of Aztecs, Mayans and Incas, but these people never bothered to migrate to Costa Rica because of the treacherous and impassable terrain. Therefore, only about 29,000 descendents from the early Costa Rican tribes are left in the country today. The rest of the population is comprised of a small amount of Americans and Canadians – most of which are retirees.

Cultural Influences and Attitude

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The main influence on the formation of Costa Rican culture comes from the Spanish colonial settlers that inhabited the area in the 16th century. But because Costa Rica has such a varied background, there are several other contributing cultural influences within the country. Costa Rica was the point where Mesoamerican and South American cultures met – each contributing their flair to the traditions and culture of the country. But unlike most countries, there are little to no native influences. This is because the small, original Indian population was diminished greatly by sickness and mistreatment by the Spaniards.

On the Caribbean side of the country, most of the coastal people are from a Jamaican background. The Jamaican ancestors were workers and slaves that were brought to Costa Rica to help build a railroad from the port city of Limon to the capital of San Jose. There are also Chinese and Italian people whose descendents came for work on the railroad as well.

The Northern part of the country is influenced by the Nahuatl culture that has its roots in the Aztec civilization, and the central and southern potions of the country have roots in the Chibcha culture that leaked over the border from Panama.

As mentioned before, the phrase “Pura Vida” exemplifies the laid back behavior of the Costa Ricans. People visiting the country can sometimes confuse the relaxed atmosphere here with laziness and lack of initiative. Quick decision-making, timelines and new ideas are not priorities and are not embraced by the Costa Rican people, but this does not mean they are a passive or unresponsive people. Instead, their culture can most aptly be defined as an extremely social and loving people that take great pride in their country and its development. The Costa Ricans are relatively conservative and place a high priority on time spent with family and enjoy gatherings and celebrations of all kinds. There is an emphasis placed on creating and maintaining the right “emotional ambience” among the Costa Rican people. In other words, it is important that life is maintained in a flowing, friendly manner that is relaxed and carefree. Worry and stress are not mainstream for the people who live here, and the general attitude is to avoid conflict with each other at all costs to maintain the peaceful atmosphere.

Locals refer to each other as “Ticos” instead of Cost Ricans. This is a term of endearment that is very popular in the country but is mostly used among friends. The epitome of a Tico is someone that is friendly, adoring, helpful, relaxed, educated and concerned with the environment. A Tico is also free of everyday stress and lives in a calm, unflustered manner.

It is evident that Costa Ricans still believe in the machismo type of lifestyle that runs rampant through Latin America still today. Although this belief that men are superior than women and that their roles are clearly separate and defined is apparent, Costa Rican women have learned to use the system to their advantage.

An attractive difference between Costa Rica and much of the world is the people’s view on moderation. Extremes and excesses are not valued here – instead the lifestyle is simple and down to earth. Also, race and class are not labeled or discriminated against; instead, all people are viewed as equal which encourages a peaceful and easy-going way of life for all. Poverty does exist, although not as wide-spread as other Latin American countries, but the majority of the population is classified as middle-class. There is an elitist upper class which tends to be a mixture of “old money” and “new money.” Most of this elitist class has made their money as coffee barons.

Language, Religion and Education

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The official language of Costa Rica is standard American Spanish, but the accent here is more like the Colombians than their neighboring Central American countries. If you sense their way of speaking is “sing-songy,” you aren’t imagining things. The Costa Ricans are unique in the way they put a strong emphasis on a certain sibilant pronunciation.

Religion is something that is downplayed in Costa Rica. Because the people here do not believe in fanaticism, religion does not play a large part in politics or even in their culture. Most of the population claims to be part of Catholicism, but the religion is celebrated more so to honor traditions than to encourage and celebrate faith. The one important symbol to the Costa Rican people is the Virgen do los Angeles, or what is better known as “La Negrita.” There is an annual religious tradition honoring La Negrita, which involves Costa Ricans making a trek from their homes all over the country to the location of this dark-colored stone carving in the image of Mary that is located in Cartago. 90% of the population claims a Catholic loyalty.

The Costa Ricans are very proud of their education system, and have every right to be. Compulsory education for elementary, middle and high school is offered free-of-charge to all citizens. In addition to the public education, there is plenty of private education for those who are interested. There are also four major universities locate throughout the country.

The Government

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Today, Costa Rica is a democratic republic state. All citizens have the right to vote and own property, freedom of speech, the right of petition and assembly and the right of habeas corpus. The government of Costa Rica is run by a president who may only serve one four-year term in his lifetime. The president is supported by two vice-presidents, and the 15 cabinet members round out the executive branch of the government. In addition, a complex system of checks and balances is in effect. The largest political party in Costa Rica is the National Liberation Party, and the smaller rival party is the more conservative Social Christian Unity Party.

Sources:
1. www.crhotpost.com/travel.htm
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_Rica#Provinces
3. www.centralamerica.com

Overview of Activities and Attractions

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Costa Rica is a vacationer’s paradise with activities and attractions to interest any age group. This country provides perhaps the most beautiful tropical scenery you will be able to find anywhere in the world. If outdoor activities are something that you enjoy, you must come and explore the different regions, terrains and sights of this fascinating country. There is rafting, fishing, surfing and other amazing experiences in Costa Rica that are unparalleled in adventure such as canopy tours that put you eye-to-eye with rain forest wildlife. Or, if you prefer a vacation full of rest and relaxation, the spirit and culture of the Costa Rican people are sure to pass along their stress-free attitude as you indulge in an all-inclusive resort where you need not lift a finger. Whatever you desire, Costa Rica is sure to deliver an unforgettable experience.

The best way to see and experience the adventures of Costa Rica is to learn from the experts. Guided tours are offered at all main points of interest and are a safe, informative and rewarding way to see the highlights of the country. Be sure to seek out the most trustworthy and experienced tour guides available to ensure that your journey will exceed all of you wildest expectations.

Rain Forests

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Costa Rica could be most famous for its incredible rain forests that attract visitors from all over the world. The number, size and variety of rain forests really set Costa Rica apart from other tropical nations. There are Cloud Forests, Tropical Rainforests on the Southern Pacific and Caribbean coasts and some of the few remaining Dry Tropical Forests on the Northern Pacific Coast. The country takes great pride in protecting these natural assets and has garnered them National Parks to protect them from harvesting. Because the terrain of the country creates micro climates, each region boasts different species of animals and plants unique to that specific region. When touring a rainforest, you’ll see animals such as monkeys, sloths, toucans, quetzals and thousands of other species. In fact, Costa Rica is home to over 850 different species of birds, which is more than all of North America. It would take years to explore and see all that the rainforests of this country have to offer.

The most popular way to see the rainforest is through a canopy tour, which Costa Rica is credited with creating. These types of tours utilize zip lines throughout the forests as a means of actually being in the tree canopies eye-level with the wildlife. Guides will secure you in a rock-climbing type harness and you navigate yourself from platform to platform via cables amidst the tree tops.

These types of tours can be expected to last about 2 hours, and are acceptable for any age range and physical condition. Most of the trip is downhill, and experienced guides ensure your safety. The Original Canopy Tour Company is the most experienced and referred tour in Costa Rica as their safety record is impeccable.

The most popular areas for canopy tours are the Monteverde location, approximately 3.5 hours north of San Jose, and the Arenal Volcano area. This is a great way to experience some of the best sight seeing that Costa Rica has to offer.

Hiking, Rafting and Sight Seeing

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Some of the most spectacular sight-seeing in the world is located in Costa Rica. There are waterfalls, volcanoes, hot springs and wildlife attractions throughout the country. The rivers that wind through the country provide excellent rafting trips as well as nature observation that are unsurpassed.

La Paz Waterfall Gardens is a great place to spend some time while visiting Costa Rica. About one hour from San Jose, the Gardens are located on the slope of Poas Volcano. The property features not only the La Paz River with five wonderful waterfalls, but the World’s largest butterfly observatory, hummingbird and orchid gardens and many safe hiking trails along the river and waterfalls. The scenery here is the epitome of what you would consider Costa Rica to look like: there are lush forests with bright flowers and brightly colored birds and butterflies flittering about. The hummingbird garden gives you the chance to marvel at the little birds zooming past your head while you learn about their intriguing behaviors through world-class displays.

If you enjoy white water rafting, be sure to visit the Pacuare. It is internationally recognized as one of the top five rafting experiences in the world. Located on the Caribbean slope of the central mountain range, the Pacuare River winds through a beautiful rainforest full of monkeys, butterflies, birds, mammals and thousands of different plant species. The trip also takes you through a narrow canyon and Indian Reserve. Choose the Rios Tropicales as your rafting company of choice for this expedition. They cater to all levels of experience and offer both short (2-3 hour) trips and long (10-12 hour) trips.

The Tabacon Hot Springs area is another must see on your trip to Costa Rica. The area includes the Tabacon River, the Arenal Volcano and the famous Tabacon Resort.

The Arenal Volcano is one of the world’s most active volcanoes, as it has constantly been erupting magma since 1968. Although hiking on the volcano is prohibited because of the dangers that come along with active volcanoes, you are permitted to hike through the lush rainforest that surrounds it. This hiking trail leads to the magnificent sight of a 20-foot high wall of lava. The top of the lava wall provides views of the volcano on one side and Lake Arenal on the other. The best time to see the lava flow is at night, and hearing it rumble is an unforgettable experience. You can see the lava during daytime as well, but keep in mind that clouds sometimes cover the volcano and can prevent you from seeing it.

The Tabacon River originates inside the Arenal Volcano. The water is heated by the magma to 101 degrees as it flows through the base of the volcano and down to the Hot Springs. At the Springs, the river splits and combines with another cooler river, resulting in the formation of several little pools that vary in temperature, shape and size. Combine this beautiful scenery with that of the lush rain forest that it meanders through, and you have an atmosphere that can’t be forgotten. If this weren’t enough, the most attractive part of the springs is the large waterfall. People can sit under the waterfall and let the hot water massage their neck and shoulders for a revitalizing experience. The main pool has a swim-up bar, while the other smaller pools also have built-in lounges. There are cozy tubs hidden throughout the gardens as well as waterslides and restaurants. This is perhaps the only place in the world you can sit in a hot spring, sip on a fruity drink and watch a volcano erupt all at the same time! To add to the relaxing experience, there is a spa that offers massages, mud facials, aromatherapy treatments and other services in a private section of the hot springs. Truly unique!

Surfing, Fishing and Diving

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Costa Rica offers world-class surfing along the Pacific Coast. There is a wide variety of surfs ad breaks which offers something for the most novice of surfers to the most experienced. The most popular areas for surfing are Tamarindo on the North pacific Coast and Jaco on the Central Pacific Coast. Surfing can be done here year-round and the water is pleasant enough that wetsuits are not required.

Costa Rica offers several different types of fishing to suit your needs. Sport fishing, inshore fishing, tarpon and snook fishing are all very popular here, but all take place in different areas of the country. The best place for sport fishing is the Central Pacific Coast. You can expect to catch roosterfish, jack creavalle, snapper, tuna and dorado while Inshore Fishing, which is offered all along the Pacific Coast. On the Caribbean side of the country, tarpon and snook fishing is typically done in the brackish waters at the mouths of the rivers that feed into the Caribbean Sea.

If you are an experienced diver that is looking for a new challenge, Costa Rica may be the place for you. Because of the strong currents, surges and sometimes poor underwater visibility, diving in Costa Rica is not recommended for beginners. However, if you do dive, you can expect to see large schools of fish as well as large game fish. The North and South Pacific Coast are the best places for divers, as the Caribbean Coast has limited diving and the Central Pacific Coast has little to no diving. If you are really looking for a spectacular diving experience, try a trip to Cocos Island which is 300 miles offshore. This small island is consistently rated as on of the top ten best dive sites in the world. The water is clear, there are reefs with all kinds of fish and divers can even see schools of hammerheads, manta rays and whale sharks. The trick – the only way to experience the island is via a 10-day excursion on a live-aboard boat.

Sources:

1. www.jdwatersports.com
2. www.frommers.com
3. www.fodors.com