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Side Effects from the Influenza Vaccine

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There are two types of flu vaccines. The first is the flu shot. This is an inactivated vaccine that contains a killed virus and is given with a needle, most commonly in the arm. The flu shot is approved for use in people over 6 months. The second type of vaccine is the nasal spray flu-vaccine. This vaccine is made with live, weakened, flu viruses that do not cause the flu. It is approved for use in people ages 5 to 49. Each vaccine contains three strains of the influenza virus: one A (H3N2) virus, one A (H1N1) virus, and one B virus. Each year, the viruses in the vaccine are changed based on international surveillance and scientists' estimations of which viruses will circulate. Two weeks after the vaccination, the body develops antibodies that will protect against influenza virus infection. The effectiveness of the vaccine is dependent on the age and health of the person being vaccinated and on the similarity between the viruses in the vaccine and the viruses that are circulating.

There are some side effects that can be associated with both forms of the influenza vaccination. The flu shot can cause some minor side effects including: soreness, redness, or swelling where the shot was given; low-grade fever; or aches. These problems may occur soon after getting the shot and usually only last a day or two. The nasal-spray vaccine can also cause a few minor side effects. In children, side effects can include: runny nose, headache, vomiting, muscle aches, and fever. In adults, side effects can include: runny nose, headache, sore throat, or cough.

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